| Schizophrenia-relevant behavioural models/symptoms or neural phenotypes | RHA vs RLA |
| A. -Locomotor activity in response to novelty B. -Sensitivity to psychotomimetic/psychostimulant drugs -Augmented locomotor/stereotypic responses to DA agonists. -Augmented locomotor and DAergic sensitization to AMPH. | *RHA higher locomotor response to novelty (also compared to the Sprague Dawley strain). *RHA: higher stereotypic responses to APO (also compared to Sprague-Dawley strain) and locomotor responses to AMPH in some cases. *RHA: enhanced locomotor and DAergic sensitization (also compared to the Sprague Dawley rat strain). |
| II. -Negative Signs/Symptoms (ref. [115] ) | |
| A. -Decreased nesting behavior B. -Social behavior/aggression: Resident-Intruder test | *RHA: impaired nesting behaviour (see Figure 2). *RHA: increased aggression latency in resident-intruder test. |
| III. -Cognitive Symptoms (ref. [20] [79] [98] [99] [113] [116] ) | |
| A. -Decreased working memory B. -Deficits in attention/sensorimotor gating/executive functions -Decreased sensorimotor gating (prepulse inhibition-PPI-deficits) -Decreased latent inhibition -5-choice serial reaction time test (5-CSRTT) C. -General cognitive deficits | *RHA: impaired working memory in the delayed-matching-to-place paradigm in the MWM (also compared to the outbred NIH-HS rat stock/strain). *RHA: impaired PPI (vs RLA and NIH-HS rats; see Figure 1) *RHA: impaired latent inhibition threshold (compared to Sprague Dawley rat strain). *RHA: impaired 5-CSRTT efficiency. Increased premature responses and impulsivity. *RHA: impaired in several spatial reference learning (and explicit/declarative memory) tasks—e.g. MWM and Hebb-Williams maze and classical aversive conditioning (also compared to NIH-HS rats). |
| IV. -Neurochemical/neuroanatomical phenotypes linked to schizophrenia (ref. [104] [106] [107] [108] [110] [111] [113] ) | |
| A. -Central DAergic function B. -Hippocampal function and neuromorphology C. -Serotonin and glutamate function D. -5-HT2A/mGluR2 complex in prefrontal cortex | *RHA: increased mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine responses to DAergic agonists or stress (respectively). *RHA: decreased hippocampal function and reduced neuronal density in hippocampal CA fields/layers. *RHA: enhanced expression of 5-HT2A and absence of expression of mGluR2 receptors in prefrontal cortex. Also absence of mGluR2 expression in the hippocampus and striatum. *In comparison with the RLAs, the 5-HT2A/mGluR2 complex in RHAs resembles the profile of schizophrenic patients and mGluR2 knockout mice. |